High-resolution probing heparan sulfate–antithrombin interaction on a single endothelial cell surface: single-molecule AFM studies
文献信息
Cunlan Guo, Xian Fan, Hong Qiu, Wenyuan Xiao, Lianchun Wang, Bingqian Xu
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays diverse functions in multiple biological processes by interacting with a wide range of important protein ligands, such as the key anticoagulant factor, antithrombin (AT). The specific interaction of HS with a protein ligand is determined mainly by the sulfation patterns on the HS chain. Here, we reported the probing single-molecule interaction of AT and HS (both wild type and mutated) expressed on the endothelial cell surface under near-physiological conditions by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Functional AFM imaging revealed the uneven distribution of HS on the endothelial cell surface though they are highly expressed. Force spectroscopy measurements using an AT-functionalized AFM tip revealed that AT interacts with endothelial HS on the cell surface through multiple binding sites. The interaction essentially requires HS to be N-, 2-O- and/or 6-O-sulfated. This work provides a new tool to probe the HS-protein ligand interaction at a single-molecular level on the cell surface to elucidate the functional roles of HS.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.












![1-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile structure 1-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile structure](https://cnstatic.chemtradehub.com/structs/143/1434747-57-5-fc0d.webp)

