Anaerobic biodegradability of ionic liquid cations under denitrifying conditions
文献信息
Jennifer Neumann, Olav Grundmann, Jorg Thöming, Michael Schulte, Stefan Stolte
Biodegradability and ecotoxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) are key properties for determining the greenness of IL applications, and have been increasingly investigated during the last few years. Former studies on the biodegradability of ILs were solely focused on the aerobic side. Nevertheless, the anaerobic biodegradation of many compounds plays an important role in the environment. Anaerobic respiration, especially nitrogen reduction, is widespread in the environment and is commonly used for waste water treatment. Therefore, we investigated in this study, whether ILs can be biodegraded under nitrogen reducing conditions. The primary anaerobic biodegradability of nine different imidazolium, pyridinium and dimethylaminopyridinium based IL cations was monitored via HPLC-UV over a time period of 11 months. Only for the 1-(8-hydroxyoctyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium cation (IM18OH), and a degradation could be observed and several metabolites were identified using LC-MS. Co-metabolism is sometimes the only way to degrade difficult substances. However, a possible co-metabolism of the substances by using acetate was not observed. All in all, the biodegradability of the tested ILs seems to be even worse under denitrifying conditions compared to aerobic ones. Nevertheless, the present paper aims to fill the gap concerning the biodegradability of ILs in waste water treatment plants. It gives a first insight into the biological degradation of ILs in the absence of oxygen, and provides further data for an appropriate hazard assessment.
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Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.












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