Bromide-based nonflammable electrolyte for safe and long-life sodium metal batteries
文献信息
Changjian Zuo, Dejian Dong, Huwei Wang, Yue Sun, Yi-Chun Lu
Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are one of the most promising energy storage technologies owing to the rich abundance of sodium and its high gravimetric capacity. However, safe applications of SMBs are hindered by reactive sodium metal and the highly flammable electrolyte, which leads to dendritic growth, gassing and fire issues. Here we report a new class of bromide-based nonflammable electrolytes for sodium metal batteries using flame-retardant 2-bromo-1-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (BBE) solvent. This solvent not only has higher fire retardancy than typical P, Cl, F-based nonflammable solvents owing to the lower energy barrier of radical scavenger dissociation, but also derives a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) containing NaBr with a high ionic conductivity to suppress the dendrite and gassing issues. The BBE-based electrolyte prolongs the cycle life (80% capacity retention) of Na3V2(PO4)3//Na cells from 60 cycles in traditional electrolytes to 1500 cycles and produces a stable cycle life of 1400 h in the Na//Na symmetric cells. We further demonstrated a sodium metal pouch cell showing a capacity retention of 97.9% after 264 cycles at 1C. This work provides a rational design strategy for improving electrolyte flame retardancy and constructing a stable SEI for safe and long-life sodium metal battery applications.
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Energy & Environmental Science

Energy & Environmental Science is an international journal dedicated to publishing exceptionally important and high quality, agenda-setting research tackling the key global and societal challenges of ensuring the provision of energy and protecting our environment for the future. The scope is intentionally broad and the journal recognises the complexity of issues and challenges relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies and environmental science. For work to be published it must be linked to the energy-environment nexus and be of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership. All scales of studies and analysis, from impactful fundamental advances, to interdisciplinary research across the (bio)chemical, (bio/geo)physical sciences and chemical engineering disciplines are welcomed. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Solar energy conversion and photovoltaics Solar fuels and artificial photosynthesis Fuel cells Hydrogen storage and (bio) hydrogen production Materials for energy systems Capture, storage and fate of CO2, including chemicals and fuels from CO2 Catalysis for a variety of feedstocks (for example, oil, gas, coal, biomass and synthesis gas) Biofuels and biorefineries Materials in extreme environments Environmental impacts of energy technologies Global atmospheric chemistry and climate change as related to energy systems Water-energy nexus Energy systems and networks Globally applicable principles of energy policy and techno-economics














