Environmentally benign enhanced H2 production from abundant copious waste H2S using size tuneable cubic bismuth (Bi0) quantum dots–GeO2 glass photocatalyst under solar light
文献信息
Sanjay K. Apte, Sunil N. Garaje, Sonali D. Naik, Rupali P. Waichal, Bharat B. Kale
Hydrogen sulfide is a copious gas produced in refineries (15–20%) as well as billions of tons produced as a by-product in alkali industries. Selectively, only 5% has been utilised for the Claus process to produce liquid sulfur and it is also well known for its uneconomical and environmental problems. Here, we have demonstrated a significant green approach for conversion of poisonous H2S into H2 by stable cubic bismuth (Bi0) quantum dot–glass nanosystems using solar light as the energy source. Previously, metal oxides and sulfides have been demonstrated as solar light photocatalysts. However, a unique bismuth quantum dot–glass nanosystem has been designed where cubic phase bismuth quantum dots of size 1–2 nm are grown in the germanate glass matrix successfully. The presence of bismuth (Bi0) was confirmed by XRD, Raman, TEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The glass nanosystem shows quantum confinement with variation of the band gap from 2.95–1.51 eV. Considering the broad absorption from visible to near IR, we used this glass nanosystem as a solar light active photocatalyst and hydrogen production with respect to the quantum confinement of bismuth (Bi0) quantum dots has been demonstrated for the first time. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production using glass nanosystems having bismuth quantum dot sizes of 1–2 nm and 3–6 nm was measured under solar light and prima fascia observations revealed that the glass nanosystems with very small quantum dots (1–2 nm) showed enhanced hydrogen evolution (11 541 μmol h−1 g−1) from H2S. The hydrogen evolution obtained is much higher than for previously reported visible light active nanostructured sulfide/oxide or embedded glass nanosystems. The glass nanosystems were also used for water splitting and show evolution of hydrogen without any co-catalyst. It is noteworthy that the quantum dot–glass photocatalyst is highly stable and catalyst regeneration is quite easy and fast. Hence, the QD-bismuth–glass nanocomposites have significant advantages over normal nanosized powder catalysts. Such unique glass nanosystems will also have great potential in photonics and optoelectronic applications.
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Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.












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